[初賽第一階段] 保護（1） [Preliminary Phase 1] Conservation (1)

Big Concept: Conservation Topic: Core Concept: Energy Conservation in a Closed System Bloom's Taxonomy: Understand, Apply, Analyze Learning Goal: Students will be able to: understand that energy is conserved in a closed system; understand that energy can be transformed between different forms (e.g., kinetic, potential, thermal); understand that apparent energy loss often reflects transformation rather than disappearance; distinguish between mechanical energy and total energy in a system; interpret changes in motion as evidence of energy transformation; evaluate whether energy is conserved in a given situation based on physical reasoning, and analyze whether conclusions about energy conservation are justified based on assumptions and system boundaries Key Learning Points: Energy conservation states that the total energy of a closed system remains constant over time. Energy can change forms, such as from potential energy to kinetic energy, or to thermal energy due to friction. Mechanical energy may not be conserved when non-conservative forces act, but total energy remains conserved. Interpreting physical situations requires identifying system boundaries and accounting for all relevant energy forms. Assumptions such as neglecting air resistance affect conclusions. Note: This design emphasizes reasoning from conservation principles. Students begin with the law of energy conservation and use deductive reasoning to analyze physical situations, evaluate assumptions, and justify whether energy is conserved.