[熱身賽第二輪] 基於數據的推理(2) [Warm-up Round 2] Reasoning from Data (2)

Big Concept: Reasoning from Data Topic: Correlation vs. Causation in Data Claims Bloom's Taxonomy: remember, understand, apply, analyze, evaluate Learning Goal: Critique causal claims from headlines or dashboards, identify plausible confounders and reverse causality, and propose what stronger evidence would be needed for a causal conclusion. Key Learning Points: association vs. causation; confounders; reverse causality; stronger causal evidence