[初賽第一階段] 進化（2） [Preliminary Phase 1] Evolution (2)

Big Concept: Evolution Topic: Speciation Bloom's Taxonomy: evaluate Learning Goal: 1. Define speciation. 2. Describe types of reproductive isolation (prezygotic vs postzygotic). 3. Understand that reduced gene flow leads to divergence. 4. Analyze how multiple mechanisms (allopatric distribution, natural selection, sexual selection, polyploidy, drift) contribute to speciation. 5. Explain speciation under gene flow (e.g., sympatric speciation, reinforcement). Key Learning Points: 1. Definition of speciation 2. Reproductive isolation 3. Basic idea of gene flow and divergence 4. Interaction of gene flow and selection 5. Sympatric speciation 6. Reinforcement (selection against hybrids) 7. Sexual selection 8. Polyploidy Note: Evaluate: Understand and be able to identify the key mechanisms that contribute to speciation.